Melanoma, which is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer, develops in melanin cells or melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. It is caused when UV rays or tanning beds alter the melanocytes’ genetic mutations. Early detection has been found to heal most patients suffering from the disease. This article discusses the treatment options, meal plans, and lifestyle changes that can help patients with melanoma alleviate its effects:

What are the treatment options?
Early treatment is crucial to ensure a complete recovery from melanoma. Surgery is the primary intervention for melanoma, particularly when it is detected in an initial stage and the tumor is less than 1 mm in thickness. However, surgical melanoma removal becomes difficult or impossible if the condition is left undiagnosed. In such cases, one of the most reliable treatment options is Opdivo®, authorized by FDA for patients with advanced melanoma, i.e., stages III and IV. In stage III, surgery must be supplemented by other treatments to eradicate melanoma cells. In stage IV, melanoma begins spreading to other organs and cannot be removed surgically.

Typically, hospitalization is not required for Opdivo ^® intervention, as outpatient treatment is the preferred treatment plan. Opdivo ^® primarily aims to dissolve tumors from all parts of the body, facilitate symptom relief, and help patients recover completely from the condition. It also produces an immunological memory in T-cells, ensuring that the body continues fighting melanoma even after the treatment course is completed. Treatment using it may cause certain side effects, including shortness of breath, tiredness, muscle and bone pain, UTI, nausea, and constipation. It is best to consult an oncologist to discuss these side effects and other details before opting for it.

Foods to eat and to avoid
Consuming nutritious meals regularly and avoiding unhealthy foods can increase one’s immunity, facilitate pain relief, and aid in the recovery process. Here are some foods that patients with melanoma should consume and avoid:

Foods to eat

Red vegetables and fruits
Red fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, apricots, papaya, and blood oranges, are rich sources of lycopene, an antioxidant that helps the body heal from skin damage caused by the sun. Hence, these fruits and vegetables can help manage symptoms in individuals with melanoma.

Legumes and beans
Legumes and beans are rich in antioxidants and zinc, boosting one’s immunity to fight against melanoma. Chickpeas, black beans, kidney beans, etc. may be boiled or sprouted and added to gravies, soups, and salads.

Leafy greens
It is suggested that leafy greens like kale, spinach, and fenugreek have high concentrations of vitamin C, alleviating the harmful effects of free radicals in the body.

Flaxseeds
Flaxseeds are excellent additions to meal plans of individuals with melanoma, as they are packed with antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.

Fat-rich fish varieties
Fish sources rich in fat, including farmed and wild salmon, Albacore tuna, Atlantic herring, and anchovies, contain high levels of omega-3 fatty acids and can aid in the battle against melanoma.

Foods to avoid

Refined sugar
The intake of foods rich in refined sugar, including candy bars and chocolates, is found to adversely affect individuals with melanoma. Instead, opt for natural sugar sources, such as fruits.

Refined flour
Cereal products and other foods consisting of refined flour have high glycemic indexes and are harmful for the body, particularly for those suffering from cancer. Regular intake of flour-based readymade cereals is associated with melanoma risk, particularly among women.

Caffeinated beverages
Caffeinated beverages like tea and coffee contain antioxidants and are effective for individuals with skin cancers. However, large quantities of these beverages can cause dehydration, which is detrimental in such conditions.

Processed fats
Consuming processed fats like red meat, fried items, and fast foods can affect bowel movements, particularly causing constipation, which can worsen melanoma symptoms.

Effective lifestyle changes and tips
A healthy lifestyle followed over an extended period is necessary for any intervention to be effective. Here are some effective lifestyle changes for patients with melanoma:

Controlling exposure to UV rays
Limited exposure to UV rays is essential to avoid further damage to the skin. Although exposure to sunlight cannot be avoided, recommended practices include wearing protective gear like hats and shades and applying a sunscreen lotion with a sun protection factor (SPF).

Avoiding stressful activities
Stress and fatigue can reverse the positive effects of melanoma treatment. Working professionals must take up jobs offering good work-life balance. It is a good idea to seek active assistance for household chores and appoint caregivers to help with daily activities.

Availing counseling and mental health services
The process of battling cancer can be tiresome physically, mentally, and emotionally. It helps to seek professional help for mental well-being, including counseling services.

Joining support groups
It always helps to be reassured that one is not alone in any situation. Joining online and/or offline support groups comprising melanoma survivors and caregivers can be highly motivating.

Exercising and meditating
A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for cancer; individuals with melanoma should engage in regular — but not strenuous — exercises to stay active. Meditation and breathing exercises also aid physical and mental wellbeing.