When the lining in the large intestine and rectum becomes inflamed, it can induce the colon to empty itself frequently, leading to diarrhea. This inflammatory condition is called ulcerative colitis (or UC). The disease kills the cells in the colon lining, resulting in open sores and ulcers in the region. This is a chronic condition that has no permanent cure, however, a few tips can help one prevent UC and manage the symptoms:

Understand risk factors and get tested
Knowing if one is at risk for ulcerative colitis is the first step toward preventing it. One should check which risks can be managed or things that can be avoided to prevent UC. Doctors are yet to pinpoint a definitive cause but have narrowed down a few factors that can increase the risk of developing the condition. The common risk factors are:

Age: UC typically begins between the ages of 15 and 30, though there are many cases where it has developed above 30 years of age.
Race: Research suggests that Caucasians are at a higher risk when compared with other races. Further, the condition’s incidence has increased in African-American, Asian, and Hispanic communities.
Heredity: If members of immediate family, like parents or siblings, have been diagnosed with UC, then one is at a higher risk of developing it too.
Infections: As the illness is caused by inflammation, frequent bowel infections lead to inflammation and increase the likelihood of being affected by the condition.

Those who are at a higher risk based on the above-mentioned factors should visit their doctors and schedule a periodic screening. Doctors conduct diagnostic tests to assess individual risk and prescribe lifestyle and diet modifications to help avoid developing ulcerative colitis.  For adult patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, doctors may suggest fast-acting treatments such as STELARA® to provide relief in the form of a lasting remission. 

Do not discontinue treatment during remission
Once doctors diagnose ulcerative colitis, they initiate treatment to help manage symptoms, control flare-ups, extend remission, and bring the illness under control. Patients should continue taking the prescribed treatment for years. One has to undergo periodic blood tests and x-ray examinations for doctors to assess their condition. If the disease is mild and inflammation is limited to a tiny part of the colon, the doctor may stop treatment while recommending preventive measures. Doctors may also prescribe emergency treatment options for a flare-up. Follow the instructions, get regular checkups, and visit the doctor if suffering from a flare-up before symptoms worsen.

Avoid triggering foods
Although there is no proof that a particular food can cause ulcerative colitis, some foods may trigger or aggravate diarrhea. Those affected should try opting for only soft and bland foods. A balanced and nutritious food plan can help one regain strength after a flare-up. Increasing the water and fluid intake is equally important as diarrhea can lead to dehydration. One should have eight glasses of fluids daily, including water, broth, soup, and fresh fruit juice without added sugar. Instead of having three regular meals, have five smaller meals throughout the day. Some trigger foods to avoid are caffeine, carbonated drinks, dried beans and legumes, excessive fiber, popcorn, processed food, raw vegetable salad, rich dairy products, spicy food, and sugar-rich food like candies. These foods can be difficult to digest and can aggravate the symptoms. Once the condition improves, people can consider eating all kinds of foods in moderation.

Manage stress
Ulcerative colitis can take a physical and emotional toll when having to deal with its symptoms and undergoing long-term treatment. It can also lead to financial stress. Additionally, the inability to indulge in favorite foods, frequent bathroom trips and other symptoms like fatigue and pain can also be challenging and add to overall stress. This can interfere with their productivity at the workplace and limit their performance. Many people can isolate themselves, avoid socializing, and can feel that the condition is stigmatized, making them unable to communicate with others. So, it is important to find ways to work through the stress and manage moods. One must also talk to doctors and counselors and seek their help. Here are some other ways to manage stress:

Practicing breathing exercises
Engaging in light physical exercises like walking or aerobics
Taking frequent breaks
Spending time doing things you like
Cultivating a hobby

Be prepared for a flare-up
It is not clear what can trigger an ulcerative colitis flare-up. It can be unpredictable, making it very difficult for people to make travel plans. The condition can interfere with a person’s daily routine. So, it is important to be prepared for a flare-up. If one is venturing out, they should figure out where the bathrooms are and try finding a place with easily accessible restrooms. One should also carry a small bag containing emergency supplies so they are not left stranded if there is a sudden flare-up. The bag should ideally contain a set of clothes, anti-diarrhea treatment and other prescription options, cleansing wipes, toilet paper, and a bottle of water.

Get acquainted with complications
Though ulcerative colitis begins in the gut, its impact can be felt throughout the body. A flare-up can cause problems like anemia, deep vein thrombosis, eye inflammation, hair loss, joint problems like swelling, arthritis, liver inflammation, mouth ulcers, skin issues like red bumps, blisters, ulcers, and weakening of bones. People with the condition tend to slack off treatment, especially during remission. Understanding the possible complications is crucial to take the necessary steps to prevent further flare-ups.